Humanoid Rig Requirements for IK

When you import a rigged model to try and turn it into an avatar, it can be confusing to know what's required and what's not for best results. This page exists to help you understand the requirements.

Supported Formats

If you have a rigged model that's compatible with other VR Platforms such as VRChat etc, then it should work out of the box. Just try importing the avatar.

As a reminder, we don't currently support the importing of .unitypackage / .vrm / .asset / .mesh / .prefab files.

Supported Humanoid Avatar formats:

FBX
GLTF
Blender

Overall Rig/Model Requirements

Definitions

3D Engines and Tools have many different ways to refer to the same thing. To aid in reading this guide, some terms are clarified below for what they mean in Resonite.

Segment - A single bone within a Rig. For example if a Finger has 3 Bones, then it has 3 Segments
IK - Inverse Kinematics. The system used to pose your Rig in Resonite

General Guidance

Your model should be in an A-pose or T-Pose.
The Orientation (forward facing direction) of your model should be along the positive Z axis.
- A flipped Z axis can be detected but might contain bugs.
- As a quick validation for this:
  - Check the "Force T-pose" option in the advanced import settings. If hands are crossed, rotate 180 degrees along the Z (up-down) axis. If one hand is in front and the other hand is in back, rotate 90 degrees along the Z (up-down) axis.

Ignoring Bones

Sometimes, you might want to ignore a bone in the IK process within Resonite. Luckily you can do this. Simply add <NoIK>(case insensitive) to the Bone's name anywhere within the bone's name. This bone will then not be considered for IK purposes. It's children will though. This is often useful for twist bones or clothing/hair bones that are being detected as skeletal/IK bones.

Bone Name	Used in IK?	Notes
Right Hand	✅	Flagged as a Right Hand
<No_IK> Right Hand	✅	Flagged as a Right Hand
<NoIK> Right Hand	❌	Ignored by IK
Right Hand <NoIK>	❌	Ignored by IK
Right Hand <noik>	❌	Ignored by IK
Right Hand <NOIK>	❌	Ignored by IK
bo<nOiK>ne	❌	Ignored by IK
One day I went to the park, the park had <noik>	❌	Ignored by IK

Bone Requirements

When you import a model, Resonite uses pattern matching and heuristics to figure out the layout of your Model's Bones. This means that bone names are largely case insensitive and can have additional data around the name. As an example "hips", "Hips", "HIPS" and "cheese_hips" should all be detected as the model's hip bone. The heuristics are also forgiving of spaces so "upper arm" and "upperarm" should also be flagged correctly as an "Upper Arm" bone.

This is quite good at picking up a variety of rigs but to help you can follow this format.

An extensive guide is presented below, with a key information for each segment of the body.

If this is too much detail you can also skip to a summary.

Central Spine/Hips

The root of the model's armature should be a single hips bone, that faces upwards, see the table below for valid names for it.

Following the hips should be a chain that leads from the hips upwards: Hips -> Spine -> Chest -> Neck -> Head.

So in summary:

Order	Part	Alternative Names	Invalid Names (Do Not Use)❌
1st	Hips	hips, pelvis, root	hip
2nd	Spine	spine, chest
3rd	Chest	chest, upper chest, ribcage, spine1, spine2
4th	Neck	neck
5th	Head	head	skull

Upper Chests

Many Avatars have an extra bone segments in the central spine, that's usually called "Upper Chest" or "Spine2".

Hips
Spine
Chest (Sometimes called Spine1)
Upper Chest (Sometimes called Spine2)
Neck
Head

These are NOT required, but we still support these. In these cases the "middle" "Spine" bone will be ignored for the purposes of IK.

Shoulders and Arms

Two arms should be attached to the "Chest" bone from above, one for each side of the model. Use the letters "L" and "R" to indicate which side of the model the arm is on. These are also case insensitive so "l" and "r" are ok.

The order should follow: Shoulder -> Upper Arm -> Lower Arm -> Hand. We'll cover fingers in another segment.

Order	Part	Alternative Names
1st	Shoulder	shoulder, clavicle, collar, collarbone
2nd	Upper Arm	upperarm, upper arm, arm, bicep
3rd	Lower Arm	fore arm, forearm, lower arm, lowerarm, elbow
4th	Hand	hand, wrist, palm

Hands

Hands can appear quite complex but they don't need to be. Before we move onto bone names keep in mind the following:

Fingers
- Each finger must have at least two segments.
- But we support up to 4 segments per finger:
  - Metacarpal
  - Proximal
  - Intermediate
  - Distal
- We need at least 3 Fingers to identify a hand
Thumbs
- We need an identifiable thumb.

Additionally, if your model has 5 fingers, we'll use geometric detection to figure out what your bones are called. This process looks at the rig and can figure out which finger is which.

Even with these things in mind, you may want to setup the fingers manually. So as with other segments here are some comments on the names of the bones.

For each finger: <fingername>1 -> <fingername>2 -> <fingername>3 -> <fingername>4

Where the finger names are:

Thumb
Index
Middle
Ring
Pinky

Or explained in a table:

Finger Number	Finger Name	Alternative Names	Example Structure
1	Thumb		`thumb1.L -> thumb2.L -> thumb3.L -> thumb4.L`
2	Index	point, pointer	`index1.L -> index2.L -> index3.L -> index4.L`
3	Middle		`middle1.L -> middle2.L -> middle3.L -> middle4.L`
4	Ring		`ring1.L -> ring2.L -> ring3.L -> ring4.L`
5	Pinky	little	`pinky1.L -> pinky2.L -> pinky3.L -> pinky4.L`

Finger Identification

Resonite uses the following code to try and find what your fingers are:

public static FingerType? NameToFingerType(List<string> names)
{
    if (names.Contains("thumb") || names.Contains("th") || names.Contains("thm") || names.Contains("thmb"))
        return FingerType.Thumb;
    else if (names.Contains("index") || names.Contains("point") || names.Contains("in") || names.Contains("ind"))
        return FingerType.Index;
    else if (names.Contains("middle") || names.Contains("mid") || names.Contains("mi"))
        return FingerType.Middle;
    else if (names.Contains("ring") || names.Contains("ri") || names.Contains("rin"))
        return FingerType.Ring;
    else if (names.Contains("pinky") || names.Contains("little") || names.Contains("pi") || names.Contains("pin") || names.Contains("pnk"))
        return FingerType.Pinky;

return null;
}

As you can see it's quite flexible and forgiving.

Legs

Legs are simple compared to everything else. Each leg should be connected to the Hip bone. Use the letters "L" and "R" to indicate which side of the model the arm is on. These are also case insensitive so "l" and "r" are ok.

Order	Part	Alternative Names
1st	Upper Leg	upper leg, upleg, thigh, upperleg, hipL, hipR
2nd	Lower Leg	leg, calf, knee, shin
3rd	Foot	foot, ankle
4th	Toes	toe, toes, ball, toebase, toes

Digitigrade Legs

Resonite does not support Digitigrade legs natively. Many community members have created methods to support them though, such as by using the CopyGlobalTransform components to copy the movements of a dummy plantigrade leg onto non-IK driven digitigrade legs.

Heads

Heads are simple, but some data is available to help you in a few areas.

Eyes

Resonite sets up avatars with automatic eye movements and if you have a compatible headset Eye Tracking is supported. For this to work you'll need eye bones named like so:

Part	Compatible Names(Case Insensitive)
Left Eye	LeftEye, Left Eye, Eye.L,Eye_L
Right Eye	RightEye, Right Eye, Eye.R,Eye_R

Jaws

Jaw bone based animations are possible in Resonite, but are less common due to Blendshape/Viseme support, If you'd still like to use a Jaw bone name it "Jaw"(Case Insensitive).

Visemes

Visemes are covered elsewhere as they aren't associated with the rig or bones of a model.

Overall Summary

Here are some photos of a summary of the example rig. See above for more detailed notes.

If you would like to download this example rig and view it in Blender, it is available Here

Supported Tools

Mixamo generated rigs work well and without any changes.
Ready Player Me avatars work well and without any changes.