(Todo: Update by people who have actually tested each method can can provide caveats. Please provide more than one option if possible with the 'Preferred' option at the top of the list)
While for some headsets, for example original Vive can work 'out of the box' with SteamVR, if possible, it is typically a good idea to use a Wireless headset such as the Quest with Linux as it avoids driver issues.
SteamVR is known to have performance and stability issues under Linux, so there are alternate configurations that may perform better or have additional features.
General
For general Linux Resonite setup including audio problems and running mods, see: https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/resonite/
Base-station Headsets
Plain SteamVR may work, but is known to be particularly buggy on Nvidia GPU as well as supporting a more limited number of headsets: https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/steamvr/
For Vive, Index, Bigscreen and other Lighthouse headsets see: https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/fossvr/monado/
Standalone Headsets
Using ALVR with plain SteamVR is possible: https://github.com/alvr-org/ALVR
Using SteamLink is now possible but require both the Steam client and SteamVR to be set on the "beta" branch.
For better performance, a SteamVR replacement can be found, this is recommended: https://lvra.gitlab.io/docs/fossvr/wivrn/
Linux Distribution Notes
See Linux Support.